
Long-Term Holder NUPL is the long-term cohort's market value minus its realized value, divided by its own market value. It is a unitless measure of net paper profitability for holdings aged roughly 155 days or more, including very old low-cost coins.
High values indicate a large profit cushion within long-held supply; readings near zero indicate that cushion has largely disappeared, and negative values mean aggregate unrealized loss. The series fell to about -0.800 on January 14, 2015 and -0.327 on November 9, 2022, documenting stress even among seasoned holdings.
Low-cost dormant and lost coins can lift the aggregate, while expensive coins acquired months earlier can enter the cohort and lower it without a price change. Internal transfers also reset age in this unadjusted version. These are paper gains and losses, not a measure of how much long-term holders spent.
Coins need roughly 155 days to qualify for the long-term cohort. The supplied series first has a value on June 7, 2009, rather than at the January network launch.
Yes. Age alone does not guarantee a low cost basis. Coins acquired at high prices can mature into this group, and the January 2015 and November 2022 negative readings show aggregate loss episodes.
No. It means net paper gain is 80% of current cohort market value. Cost is then 20% of market value, equivalent to market value at five times cost if the inputs match.