
Median Realized Price ranks every circulating bitcoin by the price at which it last moved on-chain and takes the middle value: half of all coins carry a lower cost basis, half a higher one.
When BTC trades above the Median Realized Price, more than half of circulating supply is in profit; a drop below it means most coins are underwater, which has historically been confined mainly to deep bear market declines. A rising median shows supply changing hands at higher prices and the cost distribution shifting up.
Unlike the average, the median is not dragged down by near-zero-cost early coins and lost coins, but it can move in steps when large amounts of supply around the middle change hands. It counts coins rather than owners, so exchange consolidation and custody migrations also leave a mark.
Realized Price is the average cost basis, pulled by both very cheap old coins and coins bought near tops. The median only takes the middle of the ranking, so extremes on either side barely affect it, and which of the two is higher depends on the shape of the distribution.
More than half of circulating supply last moved at a lower price and is therefore in profit. The ratio of price to this level is the Median MVRV.
It depends on the coins at the middle of the ranking. When many low-cost coins are repriced at much higher levels, or few coins sit near the midpoint, the middle can jump to a different price level instead of drifting smoothly.